Yes. You can view the current list of 119 molecules at Al Wootten's page at the NRAO. Since the 1950's, astronomers have found over 50 different kinds of molecules in dense 'interstellar clouds'. The most common molecules that have been detected are carbon monoxide ( CO), hydroxyl (OH), silicon monoxide (SiO) and graphite ( in the form of dust grains). Water, formaldehyde, ammonia, and cyanogen have also been detected. The most complex molecules have 10 or more atoms.
The longest molecules I have heard about are Ethyl Cyanide, CH3CH2CN with 9 atoms; and a 13-atom molecule NC11N. There were 66 molecules listed in a table dated from 1990, and I am sure a few more have been found since then. The best hunting grounds are in the Orion Molecular Cloud and in the massive molecular cloud called Sagittarius B2 in the center of the Milky Way.