There are advantages either way, it all depends on the wavelength of operation and what you are trying to do. Example, it is impossible to detect x-rays or extreme ultraviolet radiation at wavelengths shorter than 1000 angstroms or less from the ground. The atmosphere absorbs it completely, so in this case you must put the telescope in orbit to 'do' astronomy. At infrared wavelengths the atmosphere also blocks much of the radiation, or produces such a bright curtain of emission that you can also not do ground based infrared astronomy except at a few special wavelengths. At radio wavelengths, the atmosphere is transparent except at the lowest frequencies where the Earth's ionosphere blocks the radiation from space. At radio wavelenths, you can build enormous 'interferometers' and there is no reason for going into space. At optical wavelengths, you can still do a lot of astronomy so long as you are willing to tolerate the 'twinkling effect which limits your telescopes resolution to 0.5 arc seconds. The Hubble telescope in orbit is the best place to to sensitive, high resolution work. So you see, in some areas there is an advantage, in others like radio, there is little advantage. e