If you were within the plane of the Milky Way, it would subtend an angle of 60 degrees or so if you were located at a distance of 17 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center. This is very approximate because it depends on what you call the visible edge of the Milky Way in your sky. The sun is at a distance from the center of about 8 kiloparsecs which is about 25 degrees out from the center. But exactly where depends on your location in space. You would need some VERY SOPHISTICATED galactic cartography to pinpoint the sun's location from such a vantage point.
The rest of the sky, by the way, would look completely black to your eye because galaxies are quite faint. The Milky Way would look perhaps as bright as the band you see in the sky from the Earth. Our eyes are actually quite poor for giving us a view as spectacular as what we could get with a 1 minute 'time exposure' on a photograph, which for this hypothetical location, would probably be quite spectacular, especially if our vantage point were ABOVE the plane of the Milky Way!